La miopía, la hipermetropía y el astigmatismo son patologías oculares habituales descritas como errores de refracción. Estos errores de refracción a menudo se pueden corregir mediante cirugía láser. Los cirujanos oculares realizan procedimientos con láser para reconstruir la córnea de forma que la luz se dirija correctamente hacia la retina, con el fin último de mejorar la visión.
La corrección visual por láser se desarrolló durante los años 80 y sigue perfeccionándose. Actualmente hay tres tipos de cirugía láser que emplean diferentes técnicas. Esto incluye PRK/LASEK, LASIK y SMILE: todas ellas son cirugías realizadas con frecuencia que se han convertido en alternativas viables a las gafas y las lentes de contacto.
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